Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Common symptoms of disease transmission routes possible complications Name HIV / AIDS, blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, breast milk. Fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, appetite and weight loss, muscle and joint pain, prolonged sore throat, swollen lymph glands, diarrhea, fungal infections, and skin lesions over time, leaving the body vulnerable to other infections or cancer consists of AIDS disease. Can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Hepatitis Blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid. Mild flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, pain, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice, liver, skin and eyes with chronic infection, cirrhosis of the liver and may cause cancer. Can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), skin contact (usually-genital), contaminated objects, public toilets and showers, from mother to baby. Visible warts can transmit the virus before they occur. The second cause of death among women with cervical cancer in the world that are effective with this virus usually does not show symptoms. In addition, penis, vagina or anus cauliflower looking warts and lesions may occur. More than 100 subtypes of HPV in the cervix certain strains of the numbers ranging from 13-18 / pose a risk for penile cancer. In rare cases can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Chlamydia Trakomatis blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid. Penis, unusual discharge from the vagina or anus, pain during urination or sexual intercourse and a burning sensation, abdominal pain, nausea, fever and bleeding between menstrual periods untreated, inflammation of pitchers in men, women, causing infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) causes. Signs of infection may also cause infertility, can occur. Can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Herpes Simplex skin contact (usually-genital), mouth and lips with saliva (a virus transmitted without open wound). The mouth, penis, vagina or around the anus, sores, blisters, warts, genital area and mouth, itching and burning during urination and a burning sensation or pain during sexual intercourse, fever, stiff neck and headaches in people with weak immune system may occur in chronic painful conditions . Can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Genitalis Mikoplasma semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, homosexual relationship. Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina, or during urination and a burning sensation or pain during sexual intercourse. In addition, men may be swelling and pain in the joints. The urethra, vagina, and genital ducts, such as cervical infections, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancy is caused by diseases such as the reproductive system. Mikoplasma Hominis Skin contact (genital-genital, oral-genital), from mother to baby, with contaminated objects. Genellilikle symptom does not occur. Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina, burning during urination, abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate. The urethra, pelvis, endometrium, liver, kidneys, joints, and inflammation of the membranes of pregnancy, the placenta is composed. Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhea), blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid. Penis, unusual discharge from the vagina or anus, pain during urination or sexual intercourse and a burning sensation, abdominal pain, nausea, fever and bleeding between menstrual periods. Women are usually not composed of symptoms. Untreated, inflammation of the testicles in males, which leads to infertility in women, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused. Can be passed from mother to baby during birth. Skin contact Treponema Pallidum (syphilis sores with the penis, vagina, anus or mouth contact) of the mouth, painless sores on the penis or vagina, hand on the soles of the feet or the whole body rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, regional hair loss, headache , weight loss, muscle pain and fatigue. Without treatment, the central nervous system, heart, eye and cause damage to other organs. Transmitted from mother to fetus prior to birth. Ureaplasma urealyticum skin contact (genital-genital, oral-genital), from mother to baby, with contaminated objects. Symptoms usually does not occur. Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina, burning during urination, abdominal pain, frequent need to urinate. The urethra, pelvis, endometrium, liver, kidneys, joints, and inflammation of the membranes of pregnancy, the placenta is composed. Trichomonas vaginalis blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid. Penis, unusual discharge from the vagina or anus, pain during urination or sexual intercourse in the vagina, penis, vagina or anus, itching or burning sensation around the vagina-smelling yellow green discharge, and abdominal pain. Usually in the penis in men with symptoms of not irritating, mild discharge and burning during urination or during ejaculation can be seen. Increases the risk of HIV transmission, causes a low-birth-weight or premature babies, increases the risk of cervical cancer. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) of unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex can transmit with. CYBH'a microorganisms that cause blood, semen or vaginal fluids can be transported. A healthy-looking (without any symptoms), and other individuals who can carry such diseases bulaştırılabilmektedir individuals. Early symptoms of disease is observed with the majority of sexually transmitted diseases are not recognized. Who is at risk? 1. Individuals who have unprotected intercourse 2. Possess any sexually-transmitted disease 3. And improved individuals had one sexually-transmitted diseases Individuals had an increased risk of other STDs STDs carry-one, because these organisms are usually carried along. 4. Many clinical symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases of all sexually active individuals who did not 5. Individuals who are not sure your partner does not have the disease 6. Individuals showing symptoms of the genital area 7. Individuals with more than one sexual partner - As the number of sexual partners increases the risk of transmission of STDs. 8. Individuals using drugs -Syringe sharing can transmit serious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B cases. Causes of STD There are more than 30 micro-organisms that cause sexually transmitted diseases. Some of the microorganisms most frequently observed in Turkey and around the world are listed below. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (AIDS): HIV is a virus transmitted by unprotected sexual intercourse, all kinds. Observed in the detection of significant symptoms of HIV screening tests for the suspected cases is important. Click For More Information Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatitis B, constitutes a serious health problem for the whole world. Symptoms of hepatitis, and early detection of transmission routes ... Click to continue Hepatitis C virus (HCV) HPV (Human papillomavirus) which is responsible for cervical cancer, HPV was found in 20% of the participants in a study done in Turkey. Symptoms of cervical cancer, early detection and screening methods ... Click to continue Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis): United States, chlamydia is the most common STDs, 75% of women and men to infertility if not diagnosed in 50% of asymptomatic and progress (infertility) can cause. Symptoms of the disease, prevention methods and early detection ... Click to continue Gonorrhea (gonorrhea) (Neisseria gonorrhea): gonorrhea in the United States is the most common CYBH'lardan% of women asymptomatic in 10% of men advancing 50 percent, and can cause serious complications if not diagnosed. Symptoms of the disease, prevention methods and early detection ... Click to continue Herpes simplex virus (Herpes simplex virus type-1, or 2) (genital herpes): 90% of patients with herpes is unaware of this situation. Genital herpes, genital area and the individual's immune system weakens create painful wounds. Symptoms of the disease, prevention methods and early detection ... Click to continue Genitalyum Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma genitalium): M. genitalium in women detected with bacterial diseases such as vaginoz and cervicitis. Genitalyum mycoplasma infection without symptoms most watches, screening of individuals suspected of great importance. Symptoms of the disease, prevention methods and early detection ... Click to continue Treponema pallidum (syphilis) (Treponema pallidum): Syphilis symptoms for many years it was considered the majority of carriers, the disease can not be diagnosed early. Symptoms of the disease, prevention methods and early detection ... Click to continue Ureaplazma urealitikum (Ureaplasma urealyticum) Symptoms There are many different symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, and various combinations of these symptoms can be seen in infected individuals. One important point to note, early-stage symptoms düzelebilmesidir within a few weeks. However, late complications of the disease can lead to ongoing and future. EARLY SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS OF ADVANCED STAGE LATE STAGE COMPLICATIONS Görülmemekte or prominent symptom in most patients is not. Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding Vaginal itching Penis discharge Burning or pain in the urine Fire Rectal pain, discharge or bleeding Cold sores in the genital region Pain during sexual intercourse Swelling and pain in testicles Backache Nausea Fire Pain during sexual intercourse Bleeding between menstrual periods Recurrent cold sores Itchy skin Arthritis Eye inflammation Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Infertility Cervical cancer Other cancers (HPV-mediated HIV-mediated rectal and anal cancers such as lymphoma or) Increased risk of HIV transmission Heart disease Difficulty in walking and balance problems Complications of the disease from mother to child transmission and serious birth DIAGNOSIS Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) early detection, patient complications in terms of stopping and preventing disease transmission to other individuals is of great importance. Clinical findings in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, especially kalabildiği often inadequate for the purpose of verification of disease ELISA, PCR, culture and microscopy methods such as the laboratory is needed. ELISA, microscopic methods are often cheap and easy to culture and screening method is preferred because of various disadvantages (Table 1). PCR method provides results on the other hand due to high sensitivity and reliability dramatically. In addition, the PCR method, the results of screening tests to investigate the safety can also be used as a standard. (Table 1). PCR, culture and microscopy methods, penis, cervix, vagina, rectum, or from regions sürüntülerle, ELISA tests, the blood sample being studied. Table 1: The advantages and disadvantages of PCR and ELISA-based tests What are the advantages of PCR? ELISA-based tests, what are the disadvantages? 1. Directly determines the infecting organism. 2. Use indirect ways, such as antibody detection. 3. Early detection offers. 4. Microorganism highest sensitivity (sensitivity) and specificity (for sure) and are detected. 5. Even low concentrations of microorganism provides precise diagnosis. 6. Ensures the identification of microorganisms that can not be cultured, or slow-growing. 1. Indirectly determines the infecting organism. 2. Early detection of disease may be inadequate. 3. The early period, period varied according to the person identified edemeyebilmektedir disease. 4. Individuals had a disease or during the lifetime of 1-2 years can continue to find the positive. 5. Limited to the information about whether the disease is active. 6. In some cases not related to the targeted disease "cross reaction" may give false-positive results due. What are the disadvantages of PCR? What are the advantages of ELISA-based tests? 1. Expensive. 2. Requires high-tech. 3. Are specialized centers. 4. Gives information about the current status of the disease. 1. Cheaper. 2. Practice. 3. Easily studied in many laboratories. 4. Gives information about the past and recovered infections. Treatment Appropriate use of antibiotics gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and mycoplasma can be treated genitalyum. HIV, HPV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and various antiviral drugs are used in the treatment of genital herpes infections. HPV infection and hepatitis B vaccine is also possible to obtain successful results yaptırıldığında before. Antiviral drugs are able to keep HIV under control, but not prevent the passage of other individuals. Early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment of the disease is crucial. Measures to be Taken Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as the most accurate way of prevention; suspect the relationship avoidance and long-term, monogamous sexual relationships were preferred. Condom use in men and women, reduces the risk of bacterial contamination. In women, the unexpected pain, odor, burning, or urine output during the menstrual cycles (units) are observed between the genital symptoms such as bleeding, consult a physician, and cessation of sexual intercourse is recommended. Screening Tests Substances listed below the U.S. Center for Disease Prevention (CDC) recommendations of the establishment. - All individuals: All individuals between the ages of 13-65, the symptoms observed in routine HIV screening is recommended to be tested. - Pregnant Women: Prenatal (before birth) period, primarily HIV, hepatitis B, chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes and syphilis screening is recommended. - Sexually active young women: Especially with women who are under 25 years of age and women older than 25 years at risk; chlamydia is recommended to repeat the tests once a year. - 3 years after the onset of sexual life: HPV caused cervical abnormalities (inflammation, such as pre-cancerous changes) for the detection of HPV DNA test and Pap smear test every 3 years is recommended. (American Cancer Society, 2004) - Who engaged in homosexual men: Increased risk of transmission of STDs among this type of a year dealing with HIV, genital herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis tests are recommended In The. - HIV-infected individuals: Highly increased risk of HIV-infected individuals carrying other STDs is recommended screening tests for other diseases. Vaccines All 11-26 year old women, HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all newborns. When what should I have the test? Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the main problem encountered in the diagnosis, infections or other infections remain without symptoms can share the same symptoms. However, due to sexually transmitted diseases, often moved together; suspected cases of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Fully Comprehensive Package is recommended. High-tech methods are studied using PCR-based DNA analysis and early diagnosis of this panel can be of possible suspicious 9-11 days after intercourse çalışılabilmekte these tests and other methods from the high-precision results can be compared. Mini and Full comprehensive Test Packs advantage, as the case tried to separate the tests, is to have approximately a 50% discount price. However, the scope of the panel, each outpatients blood, vaginal swaps, and cervical (cervical), thin-prep, urethral swab, external genitalia, swap or urine samples are taken, so that different regions of the urogenital system, the presence of separate micro-organism under investigation. Thus, 99-close to 100% reliability and maximum diagnostic value of result is only targeted. If only a certain CYBH'tan is suspected, the disease can make a specific test for. For example, learned how to carry your partner chlamydia, chlamydia can test for yourself. However, an important point to note; CYBH'ların similar symptoms or asymptomatic (without showing symptoms) due to the passage of the unnoticed presence of disease risk of abduction. If you suspect you have had a relationship or other reasons (or get pregnant before getting married), because if you want to have a screening test; Full Service Package is recommended Sexually Transmitted Diseases. This package is quite common for HIV (AIDS), HPV, herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, M. genitalyum, U. ürealitikum, include hepatitis B and C infections. Individuals are not appropriate for the economic situation of STD Fully Comprehensive Package, which is relatively more severe and more serious consequences of HIV (AIDS), hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections, including the first Mini Sexually Transmitted Diseases In The Package is recommended. References 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006, 55 (RR-11) :1-94 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Fact Sheet Chlamydia. , 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/std/Chlamydia/Chlamydia-Fact-Sheet.pdf 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Genital Herpes Fact Sheet. , 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/Herpes-Fact-Sheet.pdf 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Gonorrhea CDC Fact Sheet. , 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/gonorrhea-fact-sheet.pdf 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Fact Sheet syphilis. , 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/syphilis-fact-sheet.pdf 6. Basic information: HIV. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/index.htm. 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Fact Sheet: Genital HPV infection. http://www.cdc.gov/std/Hpv/hpv-fact-sheet.pdf 8. DK Smith., Grohskopf LA et al. Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: Recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005, 54 (RR-2) :1-20 9. Ross, J., Ison C. et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections: UK National Screening and Testing Guidelines. , 2006. http://www.bashh.org/documents/59/59.pdf 10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women. , 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine-young-women.htm 11. Branson BM., Handsfield HH. et al. Recommendations for HIV testing of adults, Adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep.