Laryngeal cancers

Laryngeal cancers that start in the larynx, are called laryngeal cancers. Hypopharyngeal cancers are called hypopharyngeal cancers. Both types of cancer are very close to each other because of the proximity of the structures. Squamous cell carcinoma Almost all cancers in the larynx or hypopharynx develop from thin, flat cells called squamous cells in the surface layer called epithelium. The cancer that starts in this cell layer is called squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell cancer. Most of the larynx and hypopharynx start with a pre-cancerous lesion called squamous cell cancer, dysplasia. When seen under a microscope, these cells appear abnormal but do not resemble cancer cells. Most of the time, dysplasia does not turn into cancer. It usually regresses without any treatment, especially if the underlying cause (such as cigarettes) is stopped. Most laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are detected at a later stage since they do not cause complaints unless they are in pre-cancer vocal cords. Sometimes dysplasia progresses to carcinoma. CIS, ie, carcinoma in-situ, is the earliest form of cancer. Most of these early cancers can be treated, but if CIS is not treated, it can turn into an invasive squamous cell cancer that will destroy nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Other cancers; other rare types of cancer may also begin in the larynx or hypopharynx. Minor salivary gland cancers: Some parts of the larynx and hypopharynx have small glands called minor salivary glands beneath the covering layers. These glands produce mucus and saliva to lubricate and moisten the area. Cancer rarely develops in the cells of these glands.


The shape of the larynx and hypopharynx is based on the framework of connective tissue and cartilage. Cancers such as chondrosarcomas or synovial sarcomas may develop from the connective tissues of the larynx or hypopharynx, but this is very rare.

 Melanomas: These cancers usually begin in the skin, but rarely begin on the inner (mucosal) surfaces of the body, as in the larynx or hypopharynx. Risk factors Tobacco and alcohol use Not enought feeding Human papillomavirus infection Genetic syndromes (such as Fanconi anemia) Workplace risks Gender Age Race Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms symptoms Other symptoms of hoarseness or voice changes; Persistent sore throat Continuous cough Pain in swallowing Swallowing problem Earache Respiratory problems Weight Loss A lump or mass in the neck (due to cancer spreading to nearby lymph nodes) In the case of hoarseness that lasts longer than two weeks without any obvious cause, it is recommended to consult for examination. Treatment Depending on the stage of the cancer and your overall health, different treatment options can be used alone or in combination. The most important factors to consider when setting up your treatment plan are the location and stage of cancer. Your cancer care team will also consider your overall health and personal preferences. The main focus of treatments is to try to save your larynx and your voice, if possible. Most experts do not recommend surgery to completely eliminate the larynx unless there is no other choice Operation Chemotherapy Radiotherapy